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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2005) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2005) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2005)Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsFalkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Administrative divisions - none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure - 0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%
Agriculture - products - fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports - 5 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
3

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total:
12,173 sq km

land:
12,173 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve. Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate - NA births/1,000 population
Budget - revenues:
$66.2 million

expenditures:
$67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
Capital - Stanley
Climate tropical cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline 74.1 km 1,288 km
Constitution - 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency - Falkland pound (FKP)
Death rate - NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external - $NA
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia closed the surrounding waters to Indonesian traditional fishing and created a national park in the region while continuing to prospect for hydrocarbons in the vicinity claimed by Argentina
Economic aid - recipient - $1.7 million (1995)
Economy - overview no economic activity The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. To encourage tourism, the Falkland Islands Development Corporation has built three lodges for visitors attracted by the abundant wildlife and trout fishing. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves.
Electricity - consumption - 11.2 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 12 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups - British
Exchange rates - Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch - chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

head of government:
Governor Donald LAMONT (since NA May 1999); Chief Executive A. M. GURR (since NA); Financial Secretary D. F. HOWATT (since NA)

cabinet:
Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports - $7.6 million (1995)
Exports - commodities - wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners - UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description the flag of Australia is used blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP - purchasing power parity - $52 million (FY95/96 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $19,000 (FY95/96 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 1% (FY95/96 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Highways - total:
440 km

paved:
50 km

unpaved:
390 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $24.7 million (1995)
Imports - commodities - fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners - UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Independence - none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - wool and fish processing; sale of stamps and coins
Infant mortality rate - NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 3.6% (1998)
International organization participation - ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions)
Labor force - 1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2001)		 arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
99%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
1% (1993 est.)
Languages - English
Legal system the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply English common law
Legislative branch - unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms) presided over by the governor

elections:
last held 9 October 1997 (next to be held NA October 2001)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references Southeast Asia South America
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 12 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm		 continental shelf:
200 NM

exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches - British Forces Falkland Islands (includes Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, and Royal Marines), Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday - Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality - noun:
Falkland Islander(s)

adjective:
Falkland Island
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources fish fish, wildlife
Net migration rate - NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
People - note the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem -
Political parties and leaders - none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders - none
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2005 est.)		 2,895 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 2.43% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Stanley
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 1,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
NA

domestic:
government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use - NA
Telephones - mobile cellular - NA
Television broadcast stations - 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) (1997)
Terrain low with sand and coral rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate - NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate - full employment; labor shortage
Waterways - none
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